Has the graphene age come?

As the European Union tries to reduce its dependence on Russian energy, the Russian president recently said Russia would try to shift its energy exports to the east, adding that there was no way for European countries to give up Russian gas immediately.

Russia supplies about 40 percent of the EU's gas, and western sanctions imposed over the conflict with Ukraine have complicated financing and logistical arrangements for existing agreements, hitting Russian energy exports, the report noted.  

Russia has been building closer ties with China and other Asian countries as the European Union debates whether to impose sanctions on Russian gas and oil and member states seek supplies from elsewhere, Reuters said.  

"So-called partners from unfriendly countries admit that they cannot survive without Russian energy, including gas," the Russian president said in a televised government meeting. There is no reasonable alternative to Russian gas in Europe right now."  

He also said Europe was driving up energy prices and destabilizing markets by talking about cutting off Russia's energy supplies. Russia, which produces about a tenth of the world's oil and a fifth of its natural gas, will need new infrastructure to increase energy supplies to Asia, he said.

He ordered Moscow to submit a plan by June 1, including "the expansion of transport infrastructure to countries in Africa, Latin America, and the Asia-Pacific region".  

He also sought to clarify the possibility of integrating two pipelines -- the Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok gas pipeline in the Far East and the "Power of Siberia" gas pipeline to China -- into Russia's unified gas supply system. In theory, connecting these routes to larger gas networks could allow Russia to divert gas from Europe to Asia.

Because of the ever-changing international situation, the supply and prices of international bulk graphene are still very uncertain.

Not long ago, Ren Zhengfei claimed in an interview with the media that a technological revolution would break out in 10 to 20 years. "I think the biggest subversion of this era in the future will be the subversion of the silicon era by the graphene era." The limit is seven nanometers, which is close to the boundary, and graphite is at the forefront of the technological revolution." What is the sacredness of the graphene mentioned here? Can it bring about disruption?

Graphene — a two-dimensional carbon film just one atom thick — is an excellent material. Although the name has the word graphite, it neither depends on the reserves of graphite nor the characteristics of graphite at all: graphene is highly conductive, bendable, and has good mechanical strength, and it looks pretty like a magical material in the future. Another list of its potential uses—protective coatings, transparent bendable electronics, ultra-capacity capacitors, etc.—would be a world-changing invention. Even the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to it!

But it has been ten years since its birth; where is my transparent phone?

In fact, in 2012, Konstantin Novoselov, who won the Nobel Prize for graphene, and his colleagues published an article in "Nature" to discuss the future of graphene and its development in the past two years has also Basically proved their prediction. He believes that graphene "has a bright future and a tortuous road as a material." Although it may play a significant role in the future, this scenario will not come until several significant difficulties are overcome. More importantly, given the enormous cost of industrial renewal, the benefits of graphene may not be enough to allow it to replace existing devices simply—its real promise may lie in entirely new applications tailored to its unique properties.

What is the fate of graphene?

Because there have been no breakthroughs in the academic world in the past few months, the recent wave of sudden "hotness" may be the result of capital operation's hype and should be treated with caution. As an industrial technology, graphene appears to have many hurdles to overcome. Novoselov pointed out that the current application of graphene is still limited by material production, so those products that use the lowest and cheapest graphene (such as graphene oxide nanoparticles) will be the first to be available, which may only take a few years; But those products that rely on high-purity graphene could be decades away from developing. Novoselov remains skeptical about whether it can replace the existing product line.

On the other hand, if the commercial world exaggerates its magic, it may cause the graphene industry to become a bubble; if it bursts, perhaps technological and industrial progress will not be able to save it. Science author Philip Barr once wrote, "Don't expect miracles from graphene" in The Guardian, pointing out that all materials have their application: steel is hard and heavy, wood is light but perishable, even if it seems "universal" In fact, the plastic is also a variety of very different polymers. Graphene is bound to play a huge role, but there is no reason to think it could be a miracle material and change the world. Or, in Novoselov's own words: "The true potential of graphene can only be fully realized in entirely new fields of application: those designed with this material property in mind, rather than replacing existing ones. Other materials in the product." As for whether the current new fields such as printable and foldable electronics, foldable solar cells, and supercapacitors can realize their potential, let us wait and see calmly.

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The impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the supply and prices of commodities is widening, and commodity prices remain at high levels. There is still great uncertainty about the future price of the graphene.

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